Monday, August 13, 2012

Ocean Observatories Initiative: Cloud and Big Data Come Together to Give Scientists Unprecedented Access to Essential Climate Information

Transcript of a BriefingsDirect podcast on how cloud and big data come together to offer climate researchers a treasure trove of ongoing, real-time information.

Listen to the podcast. Find it on iTunes/iPod. Download the transcript. Sponsor: VMware.

Dana Gardner: Hi, this is Dana Gardner, Principal Analyst at Interarbor Solutions, and you're listening to BriefingsDirect.

Today, we present a sponsored podcast discussion on a fascinating global ocean studies initiative that defines some of the superlatives around big data, cloud, and middleware integration capabilities.

We'll be exploring the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) and its accompanying Cyberinfrastructure Program. This undertaking by the National Science Foundation aims to provide an unprecedented ability to study the Earth's oceans and climate using myriad distributed data centers and literally oceans' worth of data.

The scale and impact of the science's importance is closely followed by the magnitude of the computer science needed to make that data accessible and actionable by scientists. In a sense, the OOI and its infrastructure program are constructing a big data-scale programmable and integratable cloud fabric.

We’ve gathered three leaders to explain the OOI and how the Cyberinfrastructure Program may not only solve this set of data and compute problems, but perhaps establish a path to how future massive data and analysis problems are solved.

Here to share their story on OOI are our guests:
  • Matthew Arrott, Project Manager at the OOI Cyberinfrastructure. Matthew's career spans more than 20 years in design leadership and engineering management for software and network systems. He’s held leadership positions at Currenex, DreamWorks SKG, Autodesk, and the National Center for Supercomputing Applications. His most recent work has been with the University of California as e-Science Program Manager while focusing on delivering the OOI Cyberinfrastructure capabilities.
  • Michael Meisinger, Managing Systems Architect for the Ocean Observatories Initiative Cyberinfrastructure. Since 2007, Michael has been employed by the University of California, San Diego. He leads a team of systems architects on the OOI Project. Prior to UC San Diego, Michael was a lead developer in an Internet startup, developing a platform for automated customer interactions and data analysis. Michael holds a master's degree in computer science from the Technical University of Munich and will soon complete a PhD in formal services-oriented computing and distributed systems architecture.
Michael Meisinger, could you sum up the OOI for our audience? Let us know a little bit about how it came about.

Ocean Observatories Initiative

Michael Meisinger: Thanks, Dana. The Ocean Observatories Initiative is a large project. It's a US National Science Foundation project that is intended to build a platform for ocean sciences end users and communities interested in this form of data for an operational life span of 30 years.

It comprises a construction period of five years and will integrate a large number of resources and assets. These range from typical oceanographic assets, like instruments that are mounted on buoys deployed in the ocean, to networking infrastructure on the cyberinfrastructure side. It also includes a large number of sophisticated software systems.

I'm the managing architect for the cyberinfrastructure, so I'm primarily concerned with the interfaces through the oceanographic infrastructure, including beta interfaces, networking interfaces, and then primarily, the design of the system that is the network hardware and software system that comprises the cyberinfrastructure.

As I said, OOI’s goals include serving the science and education communities with their needs for receiving, analyzing, and manipulating ocean sciences and environmental data. This will have a large impact on the science community and the overall public, as a whole, because ocean sciences data is very important in understanding the changes and processes of the earth, the environment, and the climate as a whole.

Ocean sciences, as a discipline, hasn't yet received as much infrastructure and central attention as other communities. So the OOI initiative is a very important to bring this to the community. It has an almost $400 million construction budget, and an annual operations budget of $70 million for a planned lifetime of 25 to 30 years.

Gardner: Matthew Arrott, what is the big hurdle here in terms of a compute issue that you've faced. Obviously, it's a tremendously important project with a tremendous amount of data, but from a purely compute requirements perspective, what makes this so challenging?

Matthew Arrott: It has a number of key aspects that we had to address. It's best to start at the top of the functional requirements, which is to provide interactive mission planning and control of the overall instrumentation on the 65 independent platforms that are deployed throughout the ocean.

The issue there is how to provide a standard command-and-control infrastructure over a core set of 800 instruments, about 50 different classes of instrumentation, as well as be able to deploy -- over the 30-year lifecycle -- new instrumentation brought to us by different scientific communities for experimentation.

The next is that the mission planning and control is meant to be interactive and respond to emergent changes. So we needed an event-response infrastructure that allowed us to operate on scales from microseconds to hours in being able to detect and respond to the changes. We needed an ability to move computing throughout the network to deal with the different latency requirements that were needed for the event-response analysis.

Finally, we have computational nodes all the way down in the ocean, as well as on the shore stations, that are accepting or acquiring the data coming off the network. And we're distributing that data in real time to any one who wants to listen to the signals to develop their own sense-and-response mechanisms, whether they're in the cloud, in their local institutions, or on their laptop.

Domain of control

The fundamental challenge was the ability to create a domain of control over instrumentation that is deployed by operators and for processing and data distribution to be agile in its deployment anywhere in the global network.

Gardner: Alexis Richardson, it sounds like a very interesting problem to solve. Why is this a good time to try to solve this? Of course, big data, cloud, doing tremendous amounts of services orientation across middleware and a variety of different formats and transports, is all very prominent in the enterprise now. Given that, what makes this, such an interesting pursuit for you in thinking about this from a software distribution and data distribution perspective?

Alexis Richardson: It really comes down to the scale of the system and the ability of technologies to meet the scale need today. If we had been talking about this 12 years ago, in the year 2000, we would have been talking about companies like Google and Yahoo, which we would not have considered to be of moderate scale.

Since then, many companies have appeared. For example, Facebook, which has many hundreds of millions of users connecting throughout the world, shares vast amounts of data all the time.

It's that scale that's changed the architecture and deployment patterns that people have been using for these applications. In addition to that, many of these companies have brought out essentially a platform capability, whereby others, such as Zynga, in the case of Facebook, can create applications that run inside these networks -- social networks in the case of Facebook.

We can see the OOI project is essentially bringing the science needed to collaborate between vast numbers of sensors and signals and a comparatively smaller number of scientists, research institutions, and scientific applications to do analytics in a similar way as to how Facebook combines what people say, what pictures they post, what music they listen to with everybody’s friends, and then allow an application to be attached to that.

So it’s a huge technology challenge that would have been simply infeasible 12 years ago in the year 2000, when we thought things were big, but they were not. Now, when we talk about big data being masses of terabytes and petabytes that need to be analyzed all the time, then we’re starting to glimpse what's possible with the technology that’s been created in the last 10 years.

It’s a huge technology challenge that would have been simply infeasible 12 years ago.



Arrott: I’d like to actually go one step further than that. The challenge goes beyond just the big data challenge. It also now introduces, as Alexis talked about, the human putting in what they say in their pictures. It introduced that the concept of the instrument as an equal partner with the human in the participation in the network.

So you now have to think about what it means to have a device that’s acting like a human in the network, and the notion that the instrument is, in fact, owned by someone and must be governed by someone, which is not the case with the human, because the human governs themselves. So it represents the notion of an autonomous agent in the network, as well as that agent having a notion of control that has to stay on the network.

Gardner: I’d like to try to explain for our audience a bit more about what is going on here. We understand that we have a tremendous diversity of sensors gathering in real-time a tremendous scale of data. But we’re also talking about automating the gathering and distribution of that data to a variety of applications.

Numerical framework

We’re talking about having applications within this fabric, so that the output is not necessarily data, but is a computational numerical framework that’s then distributed. So there's computation being done at the data level, and then it has to be regulated. Certain data goes to certain people for certain reasons, under certain circumstances.

So there's a lot of data, a lot of logic, and a lot of scale. Can one of you help step me through it all a bit more to understand the architecture of what’s being conducted here?

Meisinger: The challenge, as you mentioned, is very heterogeneous. We deal with various classes of sensors, classes of data, classes of users, or even communities of users, and with classes of technological problems and solution spaces.

So the architecture is based on a tiered model or in a layered model of most invariant things at the bottom, things that shouldn’t change over the lifetime of 30 years to serve the highest level of attention.

Then, we go into our more specialized layered architecture where we try to find optimal solutions using today’s technologies for high-speed messaging, big data, and so on. Then, we go into specialized solutions for specific groups of users and specific sensors that are there as last-mile technologies to integrate them into the system.

Then as you go towards the core, you approach the invariants of the system.



So you basically see an onion layer model of the architecture, externalization outside. Then as you go toward the core, you approach the invariants of the system.

What are the invariants? We recognized that a system of this scale and a system of this heterogeneity cannot be reinvented every five years as part of the typical maintenance. So as a strongly scalable and extensible system, it's distributed in its nature, and as part of the distribution, the most invariant parts are the protocols and the interactions between the distributed entities on the system.

We found that it's essential to define a common language, a common format, for the various applications and participants of the network, including sensor and sensor agents, but also higher-level software services to communicate in a common format.

This architecture is based on defining a common interaction format. It’s based on defining a common data format. You mentioned the complex numerical model. A lot of things in this architecture are defined so that you have an easier model of reaching many heterogeneous communities by ingesting and getting specific solutions into the system, representing them consistently and then presenting them again in the specific format for the audience.

Our architecture is strongly communication-oriented, service-oriented, message-oriented, and federated.

As Matthew mentioned, it’s an important means to have the individual resources, agents, provide their own policies, not having a central bottleneck in the system or central governing entity in the system that defines policies.

Strongly federated

So it’s a strongly federated system. It’s a system that’s strongly technology-independent. The communication product can be implemented by various technologies, and we’re choosing a couple of programming languages and technologies for our initial reference implementation, but it’s strongly extensible for future communities to use.

Gardner: One of the aspects of this that was particularly interesting to me is that this is very much a two-way street. The scientists who are gathering their analysis can very rapidly go back to these sensors, go back to this compute fabric, this fusion of data, and ask it to do other things in real-time; or to bring in data from outside sources to compare and contrast, to find the commonalities and to find what it is that they’re looking for in terms of trends.

Could one of you help me understand why this is a two-way street, and how that's possible given the scale and complexity?

Arrott: The way to think about it, first and foremost, is to think of it as its four core layers. There is the underlying network resource management layer. We talk about agents. They supply that capability to any process in the system, and we create devices that process.

The next layer up is the data layer, and the data layer consists of two core parts. One is the distribution system that allows for data to be moved in real-time from the source to the interested parties. It’s fundamentally a publish-subscribe (pub-sub) model. We're currently using point-to-point as well as topic-based subscriptions, but we're quickly moving toward content-based routing, which is more based on the the selector that is provided by the consumer to direct traffic toward them.

The other part of the data layer is the traditional harvesting or retrieval of data from historical repositories.



The other part of the data layer is the traditional harvesting or retrieval of data from historical repositories.

The next layer up is the analytic layer. It looks a lot like the device layer, but is focused on the management of processes that are using the big data and responding to new arrival of data in the network or change in data in the network. Finally, there is the fourth layer, which is the mission planning and control layer, which we’ll talk about later.

Gardner: Alexis, when you saw the problem that needed to be solved here, you had a lot of experience with advanced message queuing protocol (AMQP), which I'd like you to explain to us, and you also understand the requirements of a messaging system that can accomplish what Matthew just described.

So tell me about AMQP, why this problem seems to be the right fit for that particular technology, RabbitMQ, and a messaging infrastructure in general.

Richardson: What Matthew and Michael have described can be broken down into three fundamental pieces of technology.

Lot of chatter

Number one, you have a lot of chatter coming from these devices -- machines, people, and other kinds of processes -- and that needs to get to the right place. It's being chattered or twittered away and possibly at high rates and high frequencies. It needs to get to just the set of receivers following that stream, very similar to how we understand distribution to our computers. So you need what’s called pub-sub, which is a fundamental technology.

In addition, that data needs to be stored somewhere. People need to go back and audit it, to pull it out of the archive and replay it, or view it again. So you need some form of storage and reliability built into your messaging network.

Finally, you need the ability to attach applications that will be written by autonomous groups, scientists, and other people who don’t necessarily talk to one another, may choose these different programming languages, and may be deploying our applications, as Matthew said, on their own servers, on multiple different clouds that they are choosing through what you would like to be a common platform. So you need this to be done in a standard way.

AMQP is unique in bringing together pub-sub with reliable messaging with standards, so that this can happen. That is precisely why AMQP is important. It's like HTTP and email SMTP, but it’s aimed at messaging the publish-subscribe reliable message delivery in a standard way. And RabbitMQ is one of the first implementations, and that’s how we ended up working with the OOI team -- because RabbitMQ provides these and does it well.

Gardner: Now we’ve talked a lot about computer science and some of the thorny issues that have been created as a result of this project, but, I’d also like to go back to the project itself, and give our listeners a sense of what this can accomplish. I’ve heard it described as "the Hubble Telescope of oceans.

It's the notion that we're providing capabilities that do not currently exist for oceanographers.

"

Let’s go back to the oceanography and the climate science. What can we accomplish with this, when this data is delivered in the fashion we’ve been discussing, where the programmability is there, where certain scientists can interact with these sensors and data, ask it to do things, and then get that information back in a format that’s not raw, but is in fact actionable intelligence?

Matthew, what could possibly happen in terms of the change in our understanding of the oceans from this type of undertaking?

Arrott: The way to think about this is not so much from the fact that we know exactly what will happen. It's the notion that we're providing capabilities that do not currently exist for oceanographers. It can be summed up as continual presence in the oceans at multiple scales through multiple perspectives, also known as the different classes of instrumentation that are observed in the ocean.

Another class of instrumentation is deployed specifically for refocusing. The scope of the OOI is such that it is considered to be observing the ocean at multiple scales -- coastal, regional, and global. It is an expandable model such that other observatories, as well as additions to the OOI network, can be considered and deployed in subsequent years.

This allows us now, as Alexis talked about, to attach many different classes of applications to the network. One of the largest classes of applications that we’ll attach to the network are the modeling, in particular the nowcast and forecast modeling.

Happening at scale

Through those observations about the ocean now, about what the ocean will be, and to be able to ground-truth those models going forward, based on data arriving in the same time as the forecasts, provides for a broad range of modeling that has been done for a fair amount of time, but it now allows it to happen at scale.

Once you have that ability to actually model the oceans and predict where it’s going, you can use that to refocus the instrumentation on emergent events. It's this ability to have long-term presence in the ocean, and the ability to refocus the instrumentation on emergent events, that really represents the revolutionary change in the formation of this infrastructure.

Meisinger: Let me add, I'm very fascinated by The Hubble Space Telescope as something that produces fantastic imagery and fantastic insights into the universe. For me as a computer scientist, it’s often very difficult to imagine what users of the system would do with the system.

I’d like to see the OOI as a platform that’s developed by the experts in their fields to deploy the platforms, the buoys, the cables, the sensors into the ocean that then enables the users of the system over 25 years to produce unprecedented knowledge and results out of that system.

The primary mission of our project is to provide this platform, the space telescope in the ocean. And it’s not a single telescope. In our case, it's a set of 65 buoys, locations in the ocean, and even a cable that runs a 1,000 miles at the seafloor of the Pacific Northwest that provides 10 gigabit ethernet connectivity to the instrument, and high power.

The primary mission of our project is to provide this platform, the space telescope in the ocean.



It’s a model where scientists have to compete. They have to compete for a slot on that infrastructure. They'll have to apply for grants and they'll have to reserve the spot, so that they can accomplish the best scientific discoveries out of that system.

It’s kind of the analogy of the space telescope that will bring ocean scientists to the next level. This is our large platform, our large infrastructure that have the best scientists develop and research to best results. That’s the fascination that I see as part of this project.

Gardner: For the average listener to understand, is this comparable to tracking weather and the climate on the surface? Many of us, of course, get our weather forecasts and they seem to be getting better. We have satellites, radar, measurements, and historical data to compare, and we have models of what weather should do. Is this in some ways taking the weather of the oceans? Is it comparable?

Arrott: Quite comparable. There's a movement to instrument the Earth, so that we can understand from observation, as opposed to speculation, what the Earth is actually doing, and from a notion of climate and climate change, what we might be doing to the Earth as participants on it.

The weather community, because of the demand for commercial need for that weather data, has been well in advance of the other environmental sciences in this regard. What you'll find is that OOI is just one of several ongoing initiatives to do exactly what weather has done.

The work that I did at NCSA, was with the atmospheric sciences community was very clear at the time. What could they do if they had the kind of resources that we now have here in the 21st century? We've worked with them and modeled much of our system based on the systems that they built, both in the research area, and in the operational area in programs such as Nova.

Science more mature

Gardner: So, in a sense, we're following the path of what we’ve done with the weather, and understanding the climate on land. We’re now moving into the oceans, but at a time when the computer science is more mature, and in fact, perhaps even much more productive.

Back to you Alexis Richardson. This is being sponsored by the US National Science Foundation, so being cost efficient is very important, of course. How is it that cloud computing is being brought to bear, making this productive, and perhaps even ahead of where the whole weather and predicting weather has been, because we can now avail ourselves of some of the newer tools and models around data and cloud infrastructure?

Richardson: Happily, that’s an easy one. Imagine if a person or scientist wanted to process very quickly a large amount of data that’s come from the oceans to build a picture of the climate, the ocean, or anything to do with the coastal proprieties of the North American coast. They might need to borrow 10,000 or 20,000 machines for an hour, and they might need to have a vast amount of data readily accessible to those machines.

In the cloud, you can do that, and with big data technologies today, that is a realistic proposition. It was not five to 10 years ago. It’s that simple.

Obviously, you need to have the technologies, like this messaging that we talked about, to get that data to those machines so they can be processed. But, the cloud is really there to bring it altogether and to make it seem to the application owner like something that’s just ready for them to acquire it, and when they don’t need it anymore, they can put it back and someone else can use it.

Its common execution infrastructure subsystem is built in order to enable this access to computation and big data very quickly.



Gardner: Back to you Michael. How do you view the advent of cloud computing as a benefit to this sort of initiative? We have a piece of it from Alexis, but I’d like to hear your perspective on why cloud models are enabling this perhaps at an unprecedented scale, but also at a most efficient cost?

Meisinger: Absolutely. It does enable computing at unprecedented scale for exactly reasons that Alexis mentioned. A lot of the earth's environment is changing. Assume that you’re interested in tracking the effect of a hurricane somewhere in the ocean and you’re interested in computing a very complex numerical model that provides certain predictions about currents and other variables of the ocean. You want to do that when the hurricane occurs and you want to do it quickly. Part of the strategy is to enable quick computation on demand.

The OOI architecture, in particular, its common execution infrastructure subsystem, is built in order to enable this access to computation and big data very quickly. You want to be able to make use of execution provider’s infrastructure as a service very quickly to run your own models with the infrastructure that the OOI provides.

Then, there are other users that want to do things more regularly, and they might have their own hardware. They might run their own clusters, but in order to be interoperable, and in order to have excess overflow capabilities, it’s very important to have cloud infrastructure as a means of making the system more homogenous.

So the cloud is a way of abstracting compute resources of the various participants of the system, be they commercial or academic cloud computing providers or institutions that provide their own clusters as cloud systems, and they all form a large compute network, a compute fabric, so that they can run the computation in a predictable way, but also then in a very episodic way.

Cloud as enabler

I really see that the cloud paradigm is one of the enablers of doing this very efficiently, and it enables us as a software infrastructure project to develop the systems, the architecture, to actually manage this computation from a system’s point of view in a central way.

Gardner: Alexis, because of AMQP and the VMware cloud application platform, it seems to me that you’ve been able to shop around for cloud resources, using the marketplace, because you’ve allowed for interoperability among and between platforms, applications, tools, and frameworks.

Is it the case that leveraging AMQP has given you the opportunity to go to where the compute resources are available at the lowest cost when that’s in your best interest?

Richardson: The dividend of interoperability for the end user and the end customer in this platform environment is ultimately portability -- portability through being able to choose where your application will run.

Michael described it very well. A hurricane is coming. Do you want to use the machines provided by the cloud provider here for this price? Do you want to use your own servers? Maybe your neighboring data center has servers available to you, provided those are visible and provided there is this fundamental interoperability through cloud platforms of the type that we are investing in. Then, you will be able to have that choice. And that lets you make these decisions in a way that you could not do before.

Providing a strong platform or a strong technological footprint that’s not specific to any technology is a great benefit to the community out there.



Gardner: I’m afraid we’re almost out of time, but I want to try to compare this to what this will allow in other areas. It’s been mentioned by Alexis and others that this has got some common features to Twitter, Facebook, or Zynga.

We think of the social environment because of the scale, complexity, and the use of cloud models. But we’re doing far more advanced computational activities here. This is simply not a display of 140 characters, based on a very rudimentary search, for example. These are at the high performance computing (HPC) level, supercomputer-level types of requests and analysis.

So are we combining the best of a social fabric approach and the architecture behind that to what we’ve been traditionally exposed to in high-performance computing and supercomputing? If so, what does that mean for how we could bring this to other types of uses in the future? I’ll throw this out to any of you. How are we doing the best of the old and the new computing, and what does that mean for the future?

Meisinger: This is the direction in which the future will evolve, and it’s the combination of proven patterns of interaction that are emerging out of how humans interact applied to high-performance computing. Providing a strong platform or a strong technological footprint that’s not specific to any technology is a great benefit to the community out there.

Providing a reference architecture and a reference implementation that can solve these problems, that social network for sensor networks and for device computation will be a pattern that can be leveraged by other interested participants, either by participating in the system directly or indirectly, where it’s just taking that pattern and the technologies that come with it and basically bringing it to the next level in the future. Developing it as one large project in a coherent set really yields a technology stack and architecture that will carry us far into the future.

Arrott: With all the incremental change that we're introducing is taking the concepts of Facebook and of Twitter and the notions of Dropbox, which is the ability to move a file to a shared place so someone else can pick it up later, which was really not possible long ago. I had to do an FTP server, put up an HTTP server to accomplish that.

Sharing processes

What we are now adding to the mix is not sharing just artifacts, but we’re actually sharing processes with one another, and then specifically sharing instrumentation. I can say to you, "Here, have a look through my telescope." You can move it around and focus it.

Basically, we introduced the concept of artifacts or information resources, as well as the concept of a taskable resource, and the thing that we’re adding to that which can be shared are taskable resources.

Gardner: I’m just going to throw out a few blue-sky ideas that it seems this could be applicable to ... things like genetics and the human genome, but on an individual basis; or crime statistics, in order to have better insight into human behavior at a massive scale; or perhaps even healthcare, where you’re diagnosing specific types of symptoms and then correlating them across entire regions or genetic patterns that would be brought to bear on those symptoms.

Am I off-base? Is this science fiction? Or am I perhaps pointing to where this sort of capability might go next?

It’s a platform where you can plug in your own system or subsystem that you can then make available to whoever is connected to that platform.



Richardson: The answer to your question is, "Yes," if you add one little phrase into that: in real-time. If, you’re talking about crime statistics, as events happen on the streets, information is gathered and shared and processed. As people go on jobs, if information is gathered, shared, and processed on how people are doing, then you will be able to have the kind of crime or healthcare benefits that you described. I’m sure we could think of lots of use cases. Transport is another one.

Arrott: At the institution in which the OOI Cyberinfrastructure is housed, California Institute of Telecommunication and Information Technology (Calit2), all of the concerns that you’ve mentioned are, in fact, active development research programs, all of which have yielded significant improvements in the computational environment for that scientific community.

Gardner: Michael, last word to you. Where do you see this potentially going in terms of the capability? Obviously, it's a very important activity, with the oceans. But the methods that you’re defining, the implementations that you’re perfecting, where do you see them being applied in the not-too-distant future?

Meisinger: You’re absolutely right. This pattern is very applicable and it’s not that frequent that a research and construction project of that size has an ability to provide an end-to-end technology solution to this challenge of big data combined with real-time analysis and real-time command and control of the infrastructure.

What I see that’s evolving into is, first of all, you can take the solutions build in this project and apply it to other communities that are in need for such a solution. But then it could go further. Why not combine these communities into a larger system? Why not federate or connect all these communities into a larger infrastructure that all is based on common ideas, common standards, and that still enables open participation?

It’s a platform where you can plug in your own system or subsystem that you can then make available to whoever is connected to that platform, whoever you trust. So it can evolve into a large ecosystem, and that does not have to happen under the umbrella of one organization such as OOI.

Larger ecosystem

It can happen to a larger ecosystem of connected computing based on your own policies, your own technologies, your own standards, but where everyone shares a common piece of the same idea and can take whatever they want and not consume what they’re not interested in.

Gardner: And as I said earlier, at that very interesting intersection of where you can find the most efficient compute resources available and avail yourself of them with that portability, it sounds like a really powerful combination.

We’ve been talking about how the Ocean Observatories Initiative and its accompanying Cyberinfrastructure Program have been not only feeding the means for the ocean to be better understood and climate interaction to be better appreciated, but we’re also seeing how the architecture behind that is leading to the potential for many other big data, cloud fabric, real-time, compute-intensive applications.

Everyone shares a common piece of the same idea and can take whatever they want and not consume what they’re not interested in.



I’d like to thank our guests, Matthew Arrott, Project Manager at the OOI and the initiative for the Cyberinfrastructure. Thank you so much, Matthew.

Arrott: Thank you.

Gardner: We’ve also been joined by Michael Meisinger, Managing Systems Architect for the OOI Cyberinfrastructure. Thank you, Michael.

Meisinger: Thanks, Dana.

Gardner: And Alexis Richardson, the Senior Director for VMware Cloud Application Platform. Thank you, Alexis.

Richardson: Thank you, very much.

Gardner: And this is Dana Gardner, Principal Analyst at Interarbor Solutions. Thanks to you, our audience, for listening, and come back next time.

Listen to the podcast. Find it on iTunes/iPod. Download the transcript. Sponsor: VMware.

Transcript of a BriefingsDirect podcast on how cloud and big data come together to offer climate researchers a treasure trove of ongoing, real-time information. Copyright Interarbor Solutions, LLC, 2005-2012. All rights reserved.

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